So I know that pi is the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter (and the ratio of r³x4/3 to the volume of a sphere).
Apparently even the circumference of the universe needs less than 40 decimal places to be more accurate than we would ever need to worry about.
So my question is, how do we determine the decimal points beyond this? If pi is a ratio and even the largest conceived circle only gets you to ±36 places, how do we determine what the subsequent numbers are?
One thing to be aware of is that if you actually made a circle and measured its radius and circumference you wouldn’t get pi. Not because your measurements would be off, but because the universe does not follow the assumptions mathematicians used to define pi—namely Euclidean geometry. Pi is mathematical, not physical. If real circles and real diameters don’t give you pi that is a problem for the universe, not a problem for mathematics.